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  • Chinese martial arts form: The nine ghosts draw their sabres
  • Papaver somniferum L. Papaveraceae Opium Poppy Distribution: Asia minor, but has been dated to 5000BC in Spanish caves. Now grows almost everywhere. The oldest medicine in continuous use, described in the Ebers' papyrus (1550 BC), called Meconium, Laudanum, Paregoric and syrup of poppies. Culpeper (1650) on Meconium '...the juyce of English Poppies boyled till it be thick' and 'I am of the opinion that Opium is nothing else but the juyce of poppies growing in hotter countries, for such Opium as Authors talk of comes from Utopia.[he means an imaginary land, I suspect]’]. He cautions 'Syrups of Poppies provoke sleep, but in that I desire they may be used with a great deal of caution and wariness...' and warns in particular about giving syrup of poppies to children to get them to sleep. The alkaloids in the sap include: Morphine 12% - affects ?-opioid receptors in the brain and causes happiness, sleepiness, pain relief, suppresses cough and causes constipation. Codeine 3% – mild opiate actions – converted to morphine in the body. Papaverine, relaxes smooth muscle spasm in arteries of heart and brain, and also for intestinal spasm, migraine and erectile dysfunction. Not analgesic. Thebaine mildly analgesic, stimulatory, is made into oxycodone and oxymorphone which are analgesics, and naloxone for treatment of opiate overdose – ?-opioid receptor competitive antagonist – it displaces morphine from ?-opioid receptors, and constipation caused by opiates. Protopine – analgesic, antihistamine so relieves pain of inflammation. Noscapine – anti-tussive (anti-cough). In 2006 the world production of opium was 6,610 metric tons, in 1906 it was over 30,000 tons when 25% of Chinese males were regular users. The Opium wars of the end of the 19th century were caused by Britain selling huge quantities of Opium to China to restore the balance of payments deficit. Laudanum: 10mg of morphine (as opium) per ml. Paregoric: camphorated opium tincture. 0.4mg morphine per ml. Gee’s Linctus: up to 60 mg in a bottle. J Collis Browne’s chlorodyne: cannabis, morphine, alcohol etc. Kaolin and Morph. - up to 60 mg in a bottle. Dover’s Powders – contained Ipecacuana and morphine. Heroin is made from morphine, but converted back into morphine in the body (Oakeley, 2012). One gram of poppy seeds contains 0.250mgm of morphine, and while one poppy seed bagel will make a urine test positive for morphine for a week, one would need 30-40 bagels to have any discernible effect. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • Papaver somniferum L. Papaveraceae Opium Poppy Distribution: Asia minor, but has been dated to 5000BC in Spanish caves. Now grows almost everywhere. The oldest medicine in continuous use, described in the Ebers' papyrus (1550 BC), called Meconium, Laudanum, Paregoric and syrup of poppies. Culpeper (1650) on Meconium '...the juyce of English Poppies boyled till it be thick' and 'I am of the opinion that Opium is nothing else but the juyce of poppies growing in hotter countries, for such Opium as Authors talk of comes from Utopia [he means an imaginary land, I suspect]’. He cautions 'Syrups of Poppies provoke sleep, but in that I desire they may be used with a great deal of caution and wariness...' and warns in particular about giving syrup of poppies to children to get them to sleep. The alkaloids in the sap include: Morphine 12% - affects ?-opioid receptors in the brain and causes happiness, sleepiness, pain relief, suppresses cough and causes constipation. Codeine 3% – mild opiate actions – converted to morphine in the body. Papaverine, relaxes smooth muscle spasm in arteries of heart and brain, and also for intestinal spasm, migraine and erectile dysfunction. Not analgesic. Thebaine mildly analgesic, stimulatory, is made into oxycodone and oxymorphone which are analgesics, and naloxone for treatment of opiate overdose – ?-opioid receptor competitive antagonist – it displaces morphine from ?-opioid receptors, and reverses the constipation caused by opiates. Protopine – analgesic, antihistamine so relieves pain of inflammation. Noscapine – anti-tussive (anti-cough). In 2006 the world production of opium was 6,610 metric tons, in 1906 it was over 30,000 tons when 25% of Chinese males were regular users. The Opium wars of the end of the 19th century were caused by Britain selling huge quantities of Opium to China to restore the balance of payments deficit. Laudanum: 10mg of morphine (as opium) per ml. Paregoric: camphorated opium tincture. 0.4mg morphine per ml. Gee’s Linctus: up to 60 mg in a bottle. J Collis Browne’s chlorodyne: cannabis, morphine, alcohol etc. Kaolin and Morph. - up to 60 mg in a bottle. Dover’s Powders – contained Ipecacuana and morphine. Heroin is made from morphine, but converted back into morphine in the body (Oakeley, 2012). One gram of poppy seeds contains 0.250mgm of morphine, and while one poppy seed bagel will make a urine test positive for morphine for a week, one would need 30-40 bagels to have any discernible effect. Photographed in the Medicinal Garden of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
  • A Chinese painting in which a woman baring her genitals is pushed on a swing towards a man with an erect penis. Colour lithograph, ca. 1989.
  • Textiles: silk manufacture in China, spinning the threads. Engraving.
  • Canton (Guangzhou), Kwangtung province, China: a girl. Photograph by John Thomson, 1869.
  • Canton (Guangzhou), Kwangtung province, China: a girl. Photograph by John Thomson, 1869.
  • Temple of Confucius (Kong Miao), Peking: Hall of Great Accomplishment (or Great Perfection Hall, Dachengdian), interior with altar and tablet to Confucius. Photograph by John Thomson, 1871.
  • Temple of Confucius (Kong Miao), Peking: Hall of Great Accomplishment (or Great Perfection Hall, Dachengdian), interior with altar and tablet to Confucius. Photograph by John Thomson, 1871.
  • Canton (Guangzhou), Kwangtung province, China: a schoolboy. Photograph by John Thomson, 1869.
  • Canton (Guangzhou), Kwangtung province, China: a schoolboy. Photograph by John Thomson, 1869.
  • C19 Chinese ink drawing: Boils - ear tragus boil
  • C19 Chinese ink drawing: Boil diagonally opposite the mouth
  • C19 Chinese ink drawing: Boils - gumboil
  • C19 Chinese ink drawing: Boils - boil stuck to the cheekbone
  • C19 Chinese ink drawing: Boils - Snake-Coil boil
  • The 1904 World's Fair, St. Louis, Missouri: Chinese exhibits: decorative furniture, ornaments and models. Photograph, 1904.
  • The 1904 World's Fair, St. Louis, Missouri: Chinese exhibits: small models of traditional Chinese dwellings. Photograph, 1904.
  • The 1904 World's Fair, St. Louis, Missouri: a Chinese loom for wicker-work weaving. Photograph, 1904.
  • Temple of Confucius (Kong Miao), Peking: Hall of Great Accomplishment (Dachengdian), interior with altar and tablet to Confucius. Photograph, 1981, from a negative by John Thomson, 1871.
  • Temple of Confucius (Kong Miao), Peking: Hall of Great Accomplishment (Dachengdian), interior with altar and tablet to Confucius. Photograph, 1981, from a negative by John Thomson, 1871.
  • Hong Kong: a Chinese portrait artist. Photograph by John Thomson, 1869.
  • Hong Kong: a Chinese portrait artist. Photograph by John Thomson, 1869.
  • Jinshan Temple, River Min, Fukien province, China. Photograph by John Thomson, 1870/1871.
  • Jinshan Temple, River Min, Fukien province, China. Photograph by John Thomson, 1870/1871.
  • Jinshan Temple, River Min, Fukien province, China. Photograph by John Thomson, 1870/1871.
  • Jinshan Temple, River Min, Fukien province, China. Photograph by John Thomson, 1870/1871.
  • C19 Chinese ink drawing: Boil directly opposite the mouth
  • ReOrientalisms.
  • ReOrientalisms.